What this paper explored
This invited review re-examines how spinal joint dysfunction — often called a vertebral subluxation or segmental dysfunction — affects motor control and neuromuscular function. The authors propose a modern neurophysiological model describing how altered spinal mechanics can disrupt communication between the spine and brain, and how chiropractic adjustments may help normalise this process.
The Central Segmental Motor Control (CSMC) problem
At the heart of this model is the Central Segmental Motor Control (CSMC) problem — a concept describing how the brain may fail to coordinate muscle tone and joint movement accurately when sensory feedback from spinal segments is distorted. Over time, this can lead to abnormal loading, stiffness, and movement patterns.
What the researchers highlight
- Spinal dysfunction changes sensory input from mechanoreceptors and muscle spindles, altering how the central nervous system controls movement.
- Chiropractic adjustments may restore normal afferent signalling, leading to improved motor unit recruitment, proprioception, and reflex timing.
- Evidence shows neurophysiological changes occur at both spinal and supraspinal levels — including in the sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum.
- This helps explain improved movement efficiency, coordination, and strength reported after spinal manipulation.
Why this matters clinically
By understanding the CSMC model, chiropractors can move beyond a purely structural framework toward a neuro-functional one — seeing adjustments as a way to optimise the body’s control systems rather than just “realigning” bones.
In our practice
- We assess motor control through movement, balance, and coordination tests, not just posture or pain.
- Adjustments are used to normalise sensorimotor feedback loops, improving movement control and stability.
- Re-assessment focuses on functional outcomes like smoother motion, faster reaction, and better body awareness.
Read the study: The Contemporary Model of Vertebral Motor Control and Neuromuscular Function
Disclaimer: This content summarises current research and is intended for educational purposes only. Chiropractic adjustments are not treatments for specific diseases but may influence neuromuscular control and performance.
